English:
A short vowel is the counterpart of a long vowel. So the “a” in gate is long while the “a” in bat is short.
Greek:
- ε and ο are always short.
- η and ω are always long.
- α and ι can be either.
Hebrew:
The long vowels (cf. short vowels) in Hebrew are the hiriq-yod, shureq, sere, sere-yod, and qamats. See them all here.
